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Gifts from The Morning Star
Glass half empty? How water privatisation in England is continuing to fail citizens
Part of dealing with vast problems such as climate change and the new weather patterns it brings is making public decisions about the future, argue ROX MIDDLETON, LIAM SHAW and JOEL HELLEWELL
Dry cracked earth at Baitings Reservoir in Ripponden, West Yorkshire

IT’S easy to forget the complex system by which water ends up coming out of our taps. 

Towards the end of Ulysses by James Joyce, Stephen Daedalus and Leopold Bloom have just finished a lengthy drinking session, and have returned to Bloom’s house.
 
Bloom fills an iron kettle with water from the tap in order to prepare cocoa. Joyce describes in exacting detail the causal chain that delivers water into Bloom’s kettle: all the way from the 2,400 million gallons of “Roundwood reservoir,” through a “subterranean aqueduct of filter mains” constructed at a cost of “£5 per linear yard” and eventually through a system of “relieving tanks” down into Dublin.
 
By including this lengthy description — over 200 words long — Joyce emphasises the communality of even the intimate, personal act of filling a kettle. 

Society contains millions of superficially isolated personal decisions: a late-night cup of cocoa. But Joyce knew that by including the wider perspective, he could demonstrate that these small acts in fact rested on vast networks of co-operative endeavours. 

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