Skip to main content
The challenging path to freedom
ROGER McKENZIE argues that Africa's ultimate liberation depends on its ability to decolonise itself including the redrawing of its present national borders imposed by Europe
LEGACY OF BRUTALITY: (L to R) Congolese slave whipped with a sjambok; Standard punishment for the Con golese: of hacking off hands

THE mad, racist “scramble for Africa,” by European nations was formalised at the Berlin conference which concluded just over 140 years ago.

The Berlin carve-up of the African continent began on November 15 1884 and ended with an agreement on February 26 1885.

European nations, which during the 19th century were the planet’s dominant powers, were looking for more ways of exploiting Africa’s rich resources for their newly growing industrial sectors.

The 95th Anniversary Appeal
Support the Morning Star
You have reached the free limit.
Subscribe to continue reading.
More from this author
(L to R) the book cover; Labour Party election poster 1945;
Books / 3 December 2024
3 December 2024
MICHAL BONCZA recommends a compact volume that charts the art of propagating ideas across the 20th century
Cairokee play Telk Qadeya (That is a Cause)
Gig review / 5 May 2024
5 May 2024
MICHAL BONCZA reviews Cairokee gig at the London Barbican
PROUD HISTORY: (L to R) Living Wage Campaign by COSATU (The
Culture / 29 April 2024
29 April 2024
Liberty Leading the People, Eugene Delacroix; Rupert Garcia,
Opinion / 15 March 2024
15 March 2024
MICHAL BONCZA rounds up a series of images designed to inspire women
Similar stories
AFRICAN HERO: A Walter Rodney poster in Georgetown, Guyana
Features / 20 March 2025
20 March 2025
The Guyanese scholar’s groundbreaking work revealed how Europe deliberately underdeveloped Africa while using its resources and people to fuel Western capitalism, writes ROGER MCKENZIE
 IN SEARCH OF RELEVANCE: Rafiki Theatre (Uganda) production
Book Review / 13 February 2025
13 February 2025
ROGER McKENZIE welcomes an important contribution to the history of Africa, telling the story in its own right rather than in relation to Europeans
Features / 28 December 2024
28 December 2024
From Zimbabwe’s provinces to Mali’s streets, nations are casting off colonial labels in their quest for true independence and dignity in a revival of the pan-African spirit, writes ROGER McKENZIE
ANCIENT SPLENDOUR: The Great Zimbabwe dates back to the Goko
Books / 15 August 2024
15 August 2024
BOB NEWLAND applauds a demonstration of the existence of a substantial African history that contributed much to world development long before European colonialism