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Bacteria: hunting microscopic giants
Reports of gigantic proteins in extremely tiny bacteria raise exciting questions, write ROX MIDDLETON, LIAM SHAW and MIRIAM GAUNTLETT
A woman looking at matter under a microscope, as irregular sleep patterns may be linked to harmful bacteria in your gut, new research suggests

MOST people will primarily associate protein with its role as a major food group. But at a cellular level, there are millions of possible proteins: they are large, complex molecules that play crucial roles in biochemical processes.

A single protein molecule is made up of amino acids linked together in a long chain. The precise order of these amino acids is specified by the exact sequence of DNA in its corresponding gene.

Although the double helix structure of DNA was known in 1953, it remained a mystery for the rest of the decade how the sequence of a gene contains the “information” needed to transform the four chemicals given the shorthand A, T, C, and G into a protein.

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